Using a unique data set from Australia, we investigate how individual fertility pref-
erences translate into fertility realizations. We find consistent evidence that the wife's
preference is more important than the husband's preference in predicting subsequent
births, no matter whether her initial fertility desire is higher or lower than that of her
partner. We also explore the effects of the introduction of the non-means-tested Baby
Bonus introduced in 2004 by testing whether the hypothesis that the cash transfers
from the scheme increase the bargaining power of the partner with higher fertility rate,
thus leading to an increase in fertility for couples with disagreement on fertility plan.
Our findings do not support this hypothesis, neither do they suggest any significant
fertility-enhancing effect of the scheme.