Objective: Sport may promote academic performance through physiological and psychosocial
mechanisms. We aimed to examine the association between sports participation and academic
performance in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.
Methods: Participants were from four successive waves of Australia’s Longitudinal Study of
Indigenous Children (n ¼ 303, baseline age 5–6 y). Cumulative sports participation was regressed
against academic performance from two standardised tests.
Results: Children participating in sport at all four waves performed significantly better than children participating in sport in 0, 2 or 3 waves in Progressive Achievement Test (PAT) Maths (110 vs.
103, 105 and 105, p ¼ 0.007, 0.02 and 0.02, respectively), and better than children participating at
two waves in National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) numeracy (438
vs. 409, p ¼ 0.006). There were no significant differences in PAT reading or NAPLAN literacy.
Conclusion: Sports participation appears to be associated with subsequent better numeracy
(2–7 months of learning) in a sample of Australian indigenous children. Fostering sports participation among indigenous children may be an avenue for reducing disadvantage.