Gordon (2005: 2) hypothesises that in 15 years, cities have developed a unique
potential for achieving successful economic outcomes, owing to their ‘density,
diversity and openness to change’. Accordingly, by virtue of their scale, networks and
advanced service functions cities provide greater potential for interaction and readier
access to innovation; they also afford workers higher earnings and greater opportunity
to appropriate productivity gains through job mobility.
However, the benefits of job mobility arguably accrue only to those individuals
located in dynamic local labour markets and in growing occupations with ‘deep’ skillsets.
The flip-side of flexibility is more insecurity, associated with casualisation and
intense job-competition for low-skilled positions. When labour markets are job
rationed overall, more able workers successfully compete for low-skill jobs at the
expense of the least skilled workers (see Bill and Mitchell, 2006).